| Nkamu ya WLC isyoma kuti, kutobezya cilembedwe mu Kulonga 34:22, Mwaka Mupya wamu Bbaibbele utalikilwa a Mwezzi Mupya uuli munsaa ciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku alisyuuka masamu (vernal equinox) |
(1) Ninzi ncolyaamba Bbaibbele citondezya Mwaka Mupya?
Mu
Kulonga 12, Yahuwah ulailila Muusa kuti:
“Ooyu
Mwezi uyooba ngomwezi wanu mutaanzi kumyezi yoonse: uyooba ngomwezi mutaanzi
mumwaka kuli ndinywe” (Kulonga 12:2, KJV)
Mubwini,
tulizyi kuti eeci caali ciindi munsimunsi akweelana mazuba amasiku nokuba
lisyuuka masamu 1, pele ino mbubuti Muusa mbwaakali kunga waandaanya
“mwezi mutaanzi” mumyaka iicizya? Mbubuti mbwaakali kunga wazyiba kuti lino
mwaka uyanda kutalika bupya? Hena wakeelede kuyaamika Mwaka Mupya azintu zimena
kuzwa mubulongo (mbuli maila), naa wakeelede kulanga zili kujulu? Bbuku lya
Matalikilo lilijisi kwiingula:
“Lino
Elohimu wakati, “Akube mimuni mumweenya wakujulu uuvungumene kuti yaandaanye
sikati kuzwa kumasiku, akuba zitondezyo, aziindi zyamazuba aabikkidwe ambali,
amazuba aziindi zyamwaka. Mimuni eeyo ikkale mujulu
akumunikila nyika.’ Mpoonya kwakaba mbubonya oobo.” (Matalikilo 1:14-15, ISR 2)
Matalikilo
1:14 alasalazya mumulaka muubauba kuti zilengwa leza zyamumweenya wajulu
zyakalengelwa kuba “zitondezyo zyaziindi zibikkidwe ambali, amazuba a myaka.”Kwiina
nokwaambwa zintu zimena kuzwa mubulongo mucibalo eeci pe. Kunyina pe mu
Mangwalo mpocaamba kuti matalikilo aamwaka ayelede kujanwa mukulangilizya
maila. Kweezyeezya kuti Mwaka Mupya ujanwa kwiinda mukutobezya libizwa maila,
eelyo kakuli Mangwalo alaamba cakutajokolosya kuti zilengwa leza zyamumweenya wajulu
zyeelede kuba nzyezipima mwaka, ooku nkuyungizya ataala Jwi lya Yahuwah.
“Utakayungizyi
kujwi eelyo Ime ndekulailila nokuba kugwisya kuli ndilyo kutegwa webo ubambe
milawo yokwa Yahuwah Eloah wako ooyo Ime ngwekulailila webo.” (Amulange
Ciibalusyo 4:2.)
“Kufumbwa
Ime ncekulailila webo, langisya kuti ucicite; webo utakayungizyi nokuba
kugwisya kuli ndilyo.” (Amulange Ciibalusyo 12:32.)
“Kufumbwa
jwi lya Eloah lilasalala: Walo nintobo yabaabo babikka lusyomo lwabo muli
Nguwe. Utayungizyi webo kumajwi Aakwe, inga Walo kayoo kukalalila, alimwi webo
wajanwa kuti ulimubesi.” (Amulange Tusimpi 30:5-6.)
Zilengwa
zilaa mpuwo ziluulwa, eelyo noziyiisya kubizwa kwamaila aaku Palesitini
kuti ncecitondezya
Mwaka Mupya, ooku kweezyeezya takuyeeme acibalo ca Mangwalo nociba cili buti
pe. (Kuyungizya ali ncobayeeya kuti “mulawo wamaila” ncuutakonzyi kupima
aatalikilwa Mwaka Mupya, amulange cibalo cilaansi aawa, camutwe “ Twaambo
Tunjaanji Mukubelesya ‘Kutebula Maila kwa Mulawo wa Muusa.’”)
Lino
mbotwajanina aakutalikila kubala alimwi kuti zilengwa leza zyamumweenya
nzyezipima myaka, mubuzyo ngwakuti “Ninzi citola busena mujulu eeco citupa kuti
tuzyibe kuti lino Mupeyo wainda alimwi Mwaka Mupya ulakonzya kutalika?” Nzila
iiyandika kapati eeyo iitutola kucitondezyo eeco ilakonzya kujanwa mu Kulonga
34.
“Pobwe
lyabutebuzi mukalibambe, mwaakutebula zilyo zitaanzi zyamaila, alimwi apobwe
lyakutebula micelo mukalibambe kumamanino amwaka [H8622]. “ (Kulonga
34:22, KJV)
Lino,
atulange bbala lyaci Hebulayo, lisanduludwe kuti “kumamanino.”
H8622
(tekufah)
– “kuzunguluka, kuzinguluka kwaciindi nokuba mweenya, kucenguluka, nzila
yakuzinguluka” (Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Dictionary)
Nokuba
kuti tacilibonyi mpeenya eeco caambwa muBbaibbele lya KJV, ibbala
lyakasandululwa aawa kuti “kumamanino” [Strong’s H8622] lyaamba ciindi camwaka
lyeelene mazuba amasiku naakunkumuna matuvwu masamu akataa mwaka. Eeci
ncecaambwa mukaambo kakuti Pobwe lya Kubungana, eelyo lwaambwa kuti “Pobwe lya
Mavwuka” a “Pobwe lya Zivwuka,” litola busena mumwezi wa Ciloba (Bapaizi 23:34)- akataa mwaka, kutali
kumamanino aamwaka pe.
Ibbuku
lya Encyclopedia Judaica lilazuminana abupanduluzi oobu.
“Mbuli
mbokwaambidwe, zibeela zyamwaka wabu Juuda zyone ziitwa kuti tekufot [mubunji
ziitwa kuti tekufah; H8622]. Mubwini, matalikilo aacibeela comwe comwe
camwaka ali zyone eezi, kutobelezya bwaamba banjibanji, kuti ngamatalikilo-
aayitwa kuti Tekufah (naakuti “kuzinguluka”, kuzyila kubbala קוף eelyo lisweene alya נקף , “kuzinguluka”), tekufah wamwezi Nisan caamba kuti zuba lilaa cibaka ciitwa kuti
(vernal equinoctial point) naa mpaayelana mazuba amasiku, aawo mumwezi wa
Tammuz mazuba amasiku naaimpana bulamfu ciindi ca mainza, mumwezi wa Tishri
aawo zuba mpolili aciindi ceelena mazuba amasiku, ciindi likunkumuka masamu, alimwi mumwezi wa Tevet liimpana
bulamfu mwamazuba amasiku ciindi ca mupeyo.” (Encyclopedia Judaica,Article
“Calendar”,p.356)
Bupanduluzi
bulaansi aawa bulasalazya eeco caambwa mu Kulonga 34:22.
“Pobwe
lyabutebuzi mukandibambile Ime, mwaakutebula zilyo zitaanzi zyamaila, alimwi apobwe
lyakutebula micelo mukalibambe akataa mwaka.” (Kulonga 34:22, Brenton’s
English Septuagint)
“Alimwi
nywebo mukalibambe pobwe lya mvwiki, lyamicelo mitaanzi mukutebula maila,
apobwe lyakubunganya kumacengulukilo aamwaka.” (Kulonga 34:22, Darby)
Aboobo,
twajana zintu zitobela aawa:
- Pobwe
lya Kubunganya licengulukila abutebuzi bwa Mwezi wa Ciloba (Bapaizi 23:34). - Pobwe
lya Kubunganya lijatikizya ciindi ceelana mazuba amasiku lili akataa mwaka.
Ncintu
cilaa maanu kutobezya zilaatala aawa kuti matalikilo aamwaka aswaangene
aciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku nozisyuuka zimena kuzwa mubulongo, eeci citola
myezi ili cisambomwe kakutana sika kweelana mazuba amasiku eelyo masamu
naakunkumuna matu. Kuti mapobwe aaciindi likunkumuka masamu kaali akataa mwaka
mazuba amasiku kaayelana, nkokuti mapobwe aalisyuuka zimena ansi, eelyo mazuba
naayelana amasiku ali kumatalikilo aamwaka.
Ncintu
ceelede kubikkilwa maanu aawa kuti Pobwe lya Kubunganya liyeeme cigaminina
aciindi ceelana mazuba amasiku eelyo masamu naakunkumuna matuvwu; aboobo,
kutegwa mulazyo wa Bbaibbele utobelwe, Pobwe lya Kubunganya lyeelede kubambwa mubuzuba
buli munsaa buzuba bweelana abusiku
muciindi cikunkumuka masamu.
(1a) Hena eeci cileendelana akuyandaula aatalikilwa Mwaka Mupya
kubelesya Mwezi Mupya kabwiindide buzuba lyeelana buzuba abusiku (vernal
equinox)?
Nee,
kutali lyoonse pe.
Zimwi ziindi kubelesya nzila eeyi, Ipobwe lya Kubunganya inga lyabeda munsa
lyeelana buzuba abusiku muciindi cikunkumuka masamu. Zimwi ziindi, nokuba
boobo, Ipobwe lya Kubunganya inga lyamuka kusika kwa mvwiki zyosanwe
kabwiindide buzuba bweelana abusiku! (eeci inga ciyooba ncecitola busena mu
2015, kuti nzila eeyi niyali njiyo iibelesyegwa.)
(1b) Hena eeci cileendelana akujana Mwaka Mupya kubelesya Mwezi
Mupya wiinda kuba munsaa lyeelana mazuba amasiku?
Inzya,
lyoonse mbombubo. Kubelesya
nzila eeyi, Pobwe lya Kutebula inga lyoonse kalili munsimunsi nokuba
aciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku liya masamu naakunkumuna matu. Eeli Pobwe inga
lyasika kufwamba akataa mazuba aali ciloba akkumi kacitana sika ciindi eeco.
Alimwi inga lyamuka kusika kwa mvwiki zyotatwe kaciindide ciindi eeco. (Ooku
nkweezyeka kupima; pele tatunajene ciindi eelyo Pobwe nilyakasika mvwiki
zyotatwe kaciindide ciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku, notubelesya nzila eeyi.)
Kukosozya
kaambo:
Alikke
aawo aapedwe mu Mangwalo aagantilwa Mwaka Mupya cabululeme, mpaaciindi ceelana
mazuba amasiku naakunkumuna matuvwu masamu. Kulonga 34:22 kwaambwa kuti Pobwe
lyaButebuzi (mumwezi waciloba uutobezya mwezi uubonwa) lyeelede kusekelelwa
aciindi ca tekufah, eeco caamba kuti nciindi cakweelana mazuba amasiku
naakunkumuka masamu —-. Tacikonzyeki kubamba mulazyo ooyu kuti lyoonse
Mwaka Mupya kuujanwa kubelesya Mwezi Mupya uutobela musyule lya ciindi
lyeelana mazuba amasiku eelo masamu naakunkumuka matu—-. Kuti twajanya Mwaka
Mupya kubelesya Mwezi Mupya ulii munsi aciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku —- ,
nokuba boobo, lyoonse inga katweendelana amulazyo wa Bbaibbele. Pele tatulekeli
waawa buyo…
(2) Ninzi balembi bamusela mutaanzi kuzwa ciindi ca Kristu ncobanga
batwaambila amakani aa Mwaka Mupya?
Philo,
Mwiiyi waci Giliki Mujuuda, ooyo wakapona katanazyalwa Kristu, muciindi ca
Kristu, alimwi kamanide mulimo wakwe Kristu, wakalemba zinjaanji zijatikizya
kkalenda lya Bbaibbele mumusela mutaanzi kaaindide Kristu. Muzilembedwe zyakwe
ansi aawa, Philo ulazumina kuti Pobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Bumena lijatene
aciindi cakweelana mazuba amasiku — alimwi Pobwe lya Butebuzi, lijatene
aciindi cakweelana mazuba amasiku liya masamu naakunkumuka.
“Muciindi
citaanzi izina ndyaakapa ciindi lisyuuka masamu akweelana mazuba amasiku,
Walo wakabamba pobwe lyacinkwa citakwe bumena eelyo lyeelede kusekelelwa
kwamazuba aali ciloba, zyoonse eezyi nzyaakabikka, zyeelede kuti
zilemekezyegwe mupobwe eelyo. Nkaambo Walo wakalailila kuti zipaizyo zili kkumi
abuzuba, zyeelede kupegwa mubuzuba bwa mwezi mupya, zipaizyo zyakuumpa antoomwe
zyisikila makumi ali ciloba kugwisyila zyipaizyo zyakuumpila zinyonyoono. Walo
wakalanganya kuti, mazuba aali ciloba aapobwe eelede kweendelana a ciindi
ceelana mazuba amasiku eeco cisikila mumwezi wa ciloba mbweenya mbuli
mwezi uubonwa mbuweendelana amwezi uubalwa.” (Philo, Special Laws I
(181- 182) [Colson’s Translation]) [Amubikkile maanu aawa: Philo, aawa waamba
kuti ciindi ceelana mazuba amasiku muciindi likunkumuka masamu cisikila mumwezi
waciloba, mbweenya aMangwalo mbwaatondezya- Kulonga 34:22.]
“mweelwe
waciloba ulapa mapobwe mapati aatola mazuba manji, mapobwe obile, aasikila muziindi zyobile lyeelana mazuba
amasiku, lyomwe lyomwe, litola mazuba aali ciloba, litaanzi
muciindi lisyuuka masamu kuti kusekelelwe kubizwa kwazisyango, lyabili
mucilimo nokubunganyigwa micelo yoonse…” (Philo, The Decalogue (161)
[Colson’s Translation])
“…nkaambo
lyakali pobwe lyaba Juuda muciindi ceelena mazuba amasiku cilimo, eelyo
nocili cilengwa caba Juuda kukkalila mumavwuka.” (Philo, Flaccus XIV
(116) [Yonge’s Translation]) {Amulangisye aawa: eeci caambwa waawa caamba Pobwe
lyaButebuzi, ndeenya liitwa kuti “Pobwe lya Mavwuka” naa “Pobwe lya Zivwuka,”
oomo bana Isilayeli “mobaali kukkalila kwamazuba aali ciloba.” Amulange Bapaizi 23:39-42.]
Flavius
Josephus, sicikolo mu Juuda waku Loma mumusela mutaanzi kaindide Kristu, upa
mumuni munji kukaambo aaka akuyumya kuteelela kwesu. Josephus upa bupanduluzi
kwaamba aayimvwi zuba kweendelana anyenyezi muciindi ca Pasika.
“Mumwezi
wa Xanthicus, ooyo ngwotwiita kuti Nisan, uutalisya mwaka wesu, mubuzuba
bwakkumi awone mwamwezi uutobezya mwezi uulibonya ameso, eelyo zuba nolili mucibaka
ca nyenyezi ziitwa kuti Aries, (nkaambo ooyu ngomwezi iswe nitwaavwunwa
kuzwa mubuzike buna Ijipita), mulawo wakali wakuti, iswe lyoonse amwaka
tweelede kujaya cipaizyo, eeco Ime ncindaamwaambide kuti twaajaya liya
nitwaazwa ku Ijipita, alimwi caali kwiitwa kuti Pasika naa Mulalilo…”
(Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book III, Chapter 10,
paragraph 5, http://www.ccel.org/ccel/josephus/complete.ii.iv.x.html)
Katutana
amba cintu cijatikizya ncaamba aawa Josephus, kweelede kuteelelwa citobela: Nkaambo
ka kuyaa bukwazamuka kwamulengalenga, kweenda kwazuba kweendelanya anyenyezi
takucili ,mbukwaali mumazuba aa
Josephus. Mumusela mutaanzi kaindide Kristu, ciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku
nicaali kutola busena eelyo zuba nilyaali kusika acibeela aali nyenyezi zya
Aries (naa Mugutu). Sunu nokuba boobo, eeci ciindi cicitikila leelyo zuba
nolili mubbazu lyanyenyezi zyiitwa kuti Pisces.
Atala aawa: Ciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku mumwaka wa 31AD – amubikkile maanu kuti nyenyezi zya Aries zyili munsaa nzila yiinda zuba kutobela ciindi eeco.
Atala aawa: Ciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku mumwaka 2013 AD- amubikkile maanu kuti sunu, nyenyezi zya Aries tazyicili munsaa nzila yiinda zuba kutobela ciindi ceelana mazuba amasiku. Nyenyezi zya Aries zyakaatuka nkaambo kakukwazamuka kwa mulengalenga.
Nokubakuti
tatukonzyi kubelesya nyenyezi eezyi mazubaano mbuli mbubaali kucita mumusela
mutaanzi kuti bajane aatalikilwa mwaka, tulakonzya kubona ncobeni mbubaali
kujana Mwaka Mupya kubelesya ciindi cakweelana mazuba amasiku.
Atulange
ncaakaamba Josephus alimwi:
“Mumwezi
wa Xanthicus, ooyo ngwotwiita kuti Nisan, uutalisya mwaka wesu, mubuzuba
bwakkumi abwane mwamwezi uutobezya mwezi uulibonya, eelyo zuba nolili abbazu
lya nyenyezi ziitwa kuti Aries, (nkaambo ooyu ngomwezi iswe
nitwaavwunwa kuzwa mubuzike buna Ijipita), mulawo wakali wakuti iswe lyoonse
amwaka tweelede kujaya cipaizyo, eeco Ime ncindaamwaambide kuti twaajaya liya
nitwaazwa ku Ijipita, alimwi caali kwiitwa kuti Pasika naa Mulalilo…”
(Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book III, Chapter 10,
paragraph 5, http://www.ccel.org/ccel/josephus/complete.ii.iv.x.html)
Aawa,
Josephus waamba cakusalazya kuti Pasika waali kusekelelwa ciindi eelyo zuba
nilyaali mucibaka canyenyezi zya Aries.
(2a) Hena bumboni bwa Josephus buleendelana lyoonse akujana Mwezi
Mupya mutaanzi kaciindide kale ciindi cakweelana mazuba amasiku— kuti
mpaatalikila mwaka?
Nee,
peepe. Kuti
mumusela mutaanzi, bakatalikide kale kwaamba kuti Mwezi Mupya mutaanzi
kaciindide ciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku weelede kuba aatalikilwa mwaka,
Pasika naakali kunga zimwi ziindi wasekelelwa eelyo zuba nolili mubusena
bwanyenyezi zya Taurus (kulaale anyenyezi zya Aries). Zimwi ziindi eeyi nzila
niyaabikka Pasika mubusena bwa Aries; alimwi zimwi ziindi pe.
Atala aawa: Mwaka wa 31AD -Kujana Mwezi Mupya mutaanzi kuti mpaatalikila Mwaka kaciindide ciindi cakweelana mazuba amasiku nicaabikka Pasika (buzuba bwakkumi abwane bwamwezi uulibonya) mucibaka canyenyezi zya Taurus, kulaale a nyenyezi zya Aries. Eeci taceendelani abumboni bwa Josephus kuti zuba lyeelede kuba mubusena bwa nyenyezi zya Aries (mumusela mutaanzi) mubuzuba bwa Pasika. (Amubikkile maanu: eeci cilibonya kunsaa zuba tuusyi mwezi pe; ncizimweemwe camumuni wazuba mbuli mbuuboneka mumuncini uubweza cifwanikiso.)
(2b) Hena bumboni bwa Josephus buleendelana akujana Mwezi Mupya
uuli munsimunsi kapati aciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku eelyo nozisyuuka zisamu
kuti mpaatalikila mwaka?
Inzya
mbombubo. Kuti
mumusela mutaanzi, Mwezi Mupya ooyo waali munsimunsi kapati a ciindi cakweelana
mazuba amasiku nozisyuuka zisamu, niwaali kubelesyegwa kuti mpaatalikila mwaka,
Pasika naakasika eelyo zuba kalili munsaa nyenyezi zya Aries. Kubelesya nzila
eeyi inga ceendelana abupanduluzi mbwapa mubumboni bwakwe Josephus.
Atala aawa: 31AD- Mwezi Mupya uuli munsimunsi kapati a ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku kumatalikilo aamwaka inga niwaabikka Pasika (buzuba bwakkumi abwane bwa mwezi) mubbazu lya Aries, eeci cileendelana a bumboni bwa Josephus.
Lino
atusanyangule cibalo cikondelezya kuzwa mubbuku lya Eusebius’ Ecclesiastical
History. Eusebius wakali mulembi waba Loma wakapona mumusela wamyaka
260A.D. kusikila mwaka 340 A.D. Mucibalo citobela eeci, walo wiinduluka kwaamba
cili mubbuku lya Canons of Anatolius on the Paschal (Passover) Festival
“Pele
ooyu tuuli muzeezo wesu, pele nguyooyo waazyibwe abaJuuda bansiku loko,
katanasika Kristu awalo, alimwi wakali kubambwa kabotukabotu ambabo. Eeci
tucizyibila muli cakaamba Philo, Josephus a Musæus; kutali buyo kuzwa
kuli mbabo, pele kuzwa akuli bamwi bansiku lini kwiinda mbabo, Agathobuli
‘Masters’, a Aristobulus ulaa mpuwo, ooyo waasalidwe akataa basanduluzi ba
Mangwalo aasetekene aaci Hebulayo bali makumi ciloba, bakasalwa a Ptolemy
Philadelphus awisi wakwe, walo wakalilyaabide cakumaninina kusandulula mabbuku
aa Muusa kubami mbeenya. Aaba balembi, kapandulula mibuzyo kujatikizya Kulonga,baamba kuti boonse beelede kupa zipaizyo zya pasika kwainda ciindi
ceelene mazuba amasiku, akataa mwezi mutaanzi. Pele eeci cicitika
ciindi zuba noliinda mucibeela citaanzi ca mulengalenga. Aristobulus
ulayungizya kuti cileelede kupobwe lya pasika kuti kutali buyo kuti zuba
kaliinda mucibeela camulengalenga eeco, pele amwezi awalo. Nkaambo
mbuli mbokuli zibeela zyobile zyamulengalenga, cilimo alisyuuka masamu,
kaziimpene mpoziimvwi, alimwi mbuli buzuba bwa pasika mbubwaabikkwa
mubuzuba bwakkumi abwane bwamwezi, kutalikila mangolezya, mwezi uunooli acibaka
ciimpene abusena aali zuba, mbuli mbokubonwa eelyo myezi niizwide kumweka;
alimwi zuba linooli mubusena mpolijanika ciindi lisyuuka zisamu, eelyo mwezi
nuuli abusena mpuujanika cilimo.”(Eusebius Ecclesiastical History,
Book 7,Chapter 32, http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/250107.htm)
Kuzwa muzilembedwe eezi, tujana makani aaya:
- Pasika tuukonzyi kuba kacitaninga sika ciindi ceelana
mazuba amasiku:“. . . boonse beelede kupaizya zipaizyo zyapasika kaciindide
ciindi ca kweelana mazuba amasiku lisyuuka masamu, akataa mwezi mutaanzi.” - Mwezi uuzwide kumweka weelede kusika kaciindide ciindi
ceelana mazuba amasiku:“Aristobulus ulayungizya kuti cileelede kupobwe lya pasika kuti kutali
buyo kuti zuba kaliinda mucibeela camulengalenga, pele amwezi awalo.
Nkaambo mbuli mbokuli zibeela zyobile zyamulengalenga, cilimo alisyuuka masamu,
kaziimpene mpoziimvwi, alimwi mbuli buzuba bwa pasika mbubwaabikkwa mubuzuba
bwakkumi abwane bwamwezi, kutalikila mangolezya, mwezi uunooli acibaka ciimpene
abusena aali zuba, mbuli mbokubonwa eelyo myezi niizwide kumweka; alimwi zuba
linooli mubusena mpolijanika lisyuuka zisamu, eelyo mwezi nuuli abusena
mpuujanika cilimo.”
Kulanga buyo ameso cilangikaanga eezi ninzila zyeenzu zyobile.
Pele kusanyangula zyaambwa eezyi, ciyubununa buyo kuti eeyi ninzila yakupima
nzitwaiya kusikila waawa iilondokede kapati, ooku nkokwaamba kuti Mwezi Mupya
uuli munsimunsi kapati aciindi ceelana mazuba amasiku lisyuuka masamu weelede
kutalisya mwaka. Aawa kweelede kubikkilwa maanu amwezi uuzwide, uujatikizya Pasika
aPobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Bumena. Mwezi uuzwide mpaaleembwa mwezi woonse;
amwezi uuzwide mpaakatikati kamwezi. Kuti mwezi uuzwide (akataa mwezi)
wasika kumbele munsaa ciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku eelyo lisyuuka masamu,
nkabela Mwezi Mupya uutobela nguunooli munsaa ciindi eeco kapati. Tacili
cintu cuubauba mbuli kubala mazuba akataa Mwezi Mupya aciindi
lyeelana mazuba amasiku, nkaambo mazuba eeni taatondezyi kuti mpali akataa
mwezi. Ooku munzila imwi nkokwaamba kuti akataa mwezi ncobeni (nkokuti mwezi uuzwide
kumweka) taasikili mubuzuba bwa kkumi abwane bwamwezi lyoonse; alimwi
tabusikili mubuzuba bwakkumi abwasanu bwamwezi lyoonse. Mbutwaamba boobo, zimwi
ziindi inga twalubuzya kuti katubala buyo mazuba aali akataa Buzuba bwa Mwezi
Mupya aciindi ceelana mazuba amasiku. Kulomya kubona kuti zyoonse
zyobile, Pasika (buzuba bwa kkumi abwane bwamwezi) amwezi uuzwide kumweka
kazyisikila cainda ciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku ngomusunko wini. Ansi
aawa kuli cifwanikiso citondezya bwini eeco Aristobulus ncaakali kwaamba eelyo
naakati,
“Aristobulus ulayungizya kuti cileelede kupobwe lya pasika kuti kutali
buyo kuti zuba kaliinda mucibeela camulengalenga, pele amwezi awalo.
Nkaambo mbuli mbokuli zibeela zyobile zyamulengalenga, cilimo alisyuuka masamu,
kaziimpene mpoziimvwi, alimwi mbuli buzuba bwa pasika mbubwaabikkwa mubuzuba
bwakkumi abwane bwamwezi, kutalikila mangolezya, mwezi uunooli acibaka ciimpene
abusena aali zuba, mbuli mbokubonwa eelyo myezi niizwide kumweka; alimwi zuba
linooli mubusena mpolijanika lisyuuka zisamu, eelyo mwezi nuuli abusena
mpuujanika cilimo.”
Atala aawa: Eeci cifwanikiso citondezya citola busena aciindi mwezi wazulila kumweka kaciindide ciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku. Mweengwe wanyanzabili utondezya bweende bwa zuba amwezi kuzwa kulumwesyi kuya kululyo. Amubikkile maanu kuti zuba amwezi zyakakosola kale mweengwe waandula mulengalenga akati (mweenwge uusubila) alimwi zyiliimpene lino mpozyibede mumulengalenga, izuba kalili abusena mpolijanika ciindi cakweelana mazuba amasiku lisyuuka masamu, mwezi kuuli abusena mpuujanika ciindi lyeelana mazuba amasiku cilimo, mbweenya mbwaakaamba Eusebius.
Eeci ncintu cikondelezya! Kuti twatalika Mwaka Mupya, katubelesya
Mwezi Mupya uuli munsimunsi kapati aciindi ceelana mazuba amasiku lisyuuka
masamu, eelyo Pasika amwezi uuzwide kumweka nuusikila mpawo, inga twalulama
kutobezya kkalenda eelyo Eusebius ndyaakalemba. (Ncintu ceelede kubikkilwa
maanu aawa, kujatikizya ncaakaamba Aristobulus kuti ciindi cakweelana mazuba
amasiku lisyuuka masamu, ceelede kusolweda amwezi uuzwide kumweka wamwezi
mutaanzi, inga camvwika aanga tacikwe maanu kuti Mwezi Mupya, uutobela ciindi
ceelana mazuba amasiku, niwali nguwo uutalisya mwaka; nkaambo inga mwezi
uuzwide kumweka, uuli mumwezi mutaanzi, niwali kusika mvwiki zinjaanji kaciindide
ciindi eeco. Nkaambo Aristobulus wakabikkila maanu kuti aambe cintu eeci
ncecipa kuzyibya kuti zimwi ziindi mwezi uuzwide kumweka wamwezi mutaanzi inga
wasikila aciindi cilaafwi kapati aciindi ceelana mazuba amasiku.)
Amubikkile maanu aawa:Kuyungizya cakaamba
Eusebius eeco cijatikizya milazyo ya kkalenda lya Bbaibbele, akulomya kubona
kuti Pasika ulasika kaciindide ciindi ceelana buzuba abusiku ncintu
cilaa maanu, nkaambo cilomya kutondezya kuti Pasika omwe buyo ulatobelwa
mumwaka uli oonse (kuzwa kuciindi lisyuuka masamu kusikila kuciindi lisyuuka
masamu).
(2c) Hena zilembedwe zya musela zileendelana akujana Mwaka Mupya
kubelesya Mwezi Mupya uutobela ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku?
Nee, peepe. Kuti twatalika Mwaka Mupya, mukubelesya Mwezi
Mupya mutaanzi kaciindide ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku:
- …zimwi ziindi inga eeci catonkela Pobwe lya
Butebuzi kulaale kaciindide ciindi cakweelana buzuba abusiku, eeci
ncintu citeendelani abumboni bwa Philo (nokuba Mangwalo).
- …zimwi ziindi inga calekela ciindi lyeelana
buzuba abusiku kuti cibe mumwezi wacisambomwe, eeci alimwi ncintu citeendelani
abumboni bwa Philo (nokuba Mangwalo).
- …zimwi ziindi inga capa kuti zuba libe munsaa
nyenyezi zya Pisces (kulaale a nyenyezi zya Aries) aciindi ca Pasika wamusela
mutaanzi, acalo eeci taceendelani abumboni bwa Josephus.
(2d) Hena zilembedwe zyamusela zileendelana akujana Mwaka Mupya
kubelesya Mwezi Mupya uli munsimunsi kapati a ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku
naakunkumuka masamu?
Inzya. Kutalikila Mwaka Mupya, katubelesya Mwezi Mupya uli munsimunsi
kapati aciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku (eeco cipandululwa mubululeme kuti
lyoonse cibikka mwezi uuzwide kumweka aPasika kaciindide ciindi lyeelana buzuba
abusiku), alimwi ncintu ceendelana abumboni bwa Philo, Josephus, a Eusebius.
Kukosozya kaambo:
Bumboni bwabalembi bansiku butondezya kuti wakali Mwezi Mutaanzi
uuli munsimunsi kapati aciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku eelyo masamu
naakunkumuka matuvwu, kuti mpaakali kutalikilwa mwaka ( eeco cipandululwa
mubululeme kuti lyoonse cibikka mwezi uuzwide kumweka aPasika kaciindide ciindi
lyeelana buzuba abusiku). Muntu takonzyi kuya kumbele kweendelana a bumboni
bwa Philo a Josephus, kumwi kacilamatide Mwezi Mupya mutaanzi kaciindide
ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku kuti mpaatalikila Mwaka Mupya.
(3) Mangwalo atondezya kuti izuba, mwezi, anyenyezi zyeelede
kubelesyegwa kubamba akupima ciindi. (Matalikilo 1:14-16)
(3a) Notutalikila Mwaka Mupya kubelesya Mwezi Mupya mutaanzi, ooyo
uli munsimunsi kapati kaciindide ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku
naakunkumuka masamu, hena zyoonse zyotatwe zyeelede kubelesyegwa (izuba, mwezi
anyenyezi)?
Nee, peepe. Bumboni bwa Josephus bujatikizya nyenyezi zya
Aries mbuzyaaswaangene a Pasika mumusela
mutaanzi bweelede kubikkwa ambali kutegwa eeyi nzila itobelwe.
(3b) Eelyo notutalikila Mwaka Mupya kutalikila aMwezi Mupya uuli munsimunsi
kapati aciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku, hena zyoonse zyotatwe eezyi
zyeelede kubelesyegwa (izuba, mwezi, anyenyezi)?
Inzya. Eeyi nzila ileendelana abumboni bwa Josephus
kuti nyenyezi zya Aries zyakali kuswaangana aPasika mumusela mutaanzi.
Amubikkile maanu aawa: Nokuba kuti ciindi
ceelana buzuba abusiku ciyaa kukunkulikila kuzwa kujwe kuya kumbo, anzila
yiinda zuba nolitobela mweengwe waandulula mulengalenga akati, iyaa bucinca
kuzwa kumazuba aaJosephus, tucikonzya mazubaano kubelesya nyenyezi kuti tulomye
kujana aatalikilwa mwaka. Nokuba kuti kuli ziindi zimwi zuba nolikonzya kusika
munsaa nyenyezi zya Aries muciindi ca Pasika, kanjikanji zuba lijanika munsaa
nyenyezi zya Pisces mubuzuba bwa Pasika. Mazubaano, izuba lyoonse lijanika
munsaa nyenyezi zya Pisces, eelyo buzuba abusiku nobweelana, alimwi munsimunsi
anyenyezi zya Virgo ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku eelyo masamu naakunkumuka
matuvwu.
Kukosozya kaambo:
Notutalikila Mwaka Mupya kubelesya Mwezi Mupya uuli munsimunsi
kapati aciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku eelyo lisyuuka masamu, cileendelana
aMangwalo, nkaambo cilajatikizya akweendelana abumboni bwamisela mbuzyaali
kuswaangana a Pasika inyenyezi zya Aries mumusela mutaanzi.
(4) Kujatikizya bwiimpene bulamfu bwamyaka,
tulizyi kuti kuli myaka ili ciloba mifwaafwi mukuzinguluka kwa myaka kkumi
afuka:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
(4a) Hena eeyi Myaka ilabikkilwa maanu kuti twatalikila
Mwaka mupya kubelesya Mwezi Mupya uuli munsimunsi kapati aciindi
lyeelana buzuba abusiku eelyo masamu naasyuuka?
Inzya mbombubo. Oobu mbumboni bubotya zilengwa leza zya
Mulengi. Ooku kuzinguluka kwa myaka, nokuba kuti takupi bumboni kunzila niiba
buti, pele kulatutondezya aawo mpotubede mukucenguluka kwa myaka. (amulange
cifwanikiso ca Metonic Cycle Chart.)
(5) Mwezi uyoobaya ziindi zyobile (bamwi
ngobati “mwezi uusubila”) mu 2014 alimwi ziindi zyobile mu 2015 (zyone
antoomwe).Hena inga eeci cintu citabonwibonwi kacili citondezyo kubasyomeka ba
Yahuwah kuti njeeyi nzila iiluleme yakutalika Mwaka Mupya?
Mangwalo aloongomene kutondekela bantu kuzilengwa leza
zyamulengalenga, aboobo ncintu camaanu kukosola kaambo kuti, ooku kubaya
kwamwezi, mubwini, ncitondezyo cabulemu, kuti kuswaangana aMapobwe aamwaka
tacili cilengwa leza buyo citola busena.
“Walo nguupa mweelwe wanyenyezi, Walo nguupa mazina kuli zinzyo
zyoonse. Mupati Simalelo wesu alimwi ngusinguzu zyoonse, Kunyina magolelo
aabusongo Bwakwe.” (Intembauzyo 147:4-5, ISR)
“Langa mujulu ameso aako ubone. Nguni wakazilenga zyoonse eezyi?
Ooyo uuzyileta mumakamu mumyeelwe yazyo, Walo nguzyiita zyoonse mazina, kwiinda
munguzu Zyakwe- kunyina isweekede.” (Izaya 40:26, ISR)
(5a) Hena ooku kubaya kwamwezi inga kweendelana a buzuba butaanzi
bwa Cinkwa Citakwe Bumena abuzuba butaanzi bwa Mavwuka mumyaka yobile eelyo
notutalikila Mwaka Mupya kubelesya Mwezi Mupya mutaanzi kaciindide
ciindi ceelana buzuba abusika eelyo masamu naasyuuka?
Nee, peepe.Inga ooku kubaya kwaswaangana buyo a Mapobwe
aamu 2014. Mapobwe aamu 2014 ayoosika mwezi omwe musyule kakwiindide kubaya
kwamwezi ooku.
(5b) Hena ooku kubaya kwamwezi kuyooswaangana a
buzuba butaanzi bwa Cinkwa Citakwe Bumena, abuzuba butaanzi bwa Mavwuka mumyaka
yobile eelyo notutalikila Mwaka Mupya kubelesya Mwezi Mupya uli munsimunsi
kapati aciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku eelyo masamu nasyuuka?
Inzya. Ooku kubaya kuyooswaangana aMapobwe aamyaka
yobile eeyi (2014-2015).
Kukosozya kaambo:
Inga bwaba buyamba kuti bantu basyomeka ba Yahuwah tiibalanganya
zitondezyo eezyi zyitola busena mumulengalenga mumazubaano aacaalizya. Ndijanza
lyokwa Yahuwah liimikizya akweendelezya zintu zyoonse mumulengalenga. Mumawoola
aamamanino aaya, basyomwa ba Yahuwah beelede kubikkila maanu kapati akulangisya
zyili zyoonse zyitola busena mujulu.
“Alimwi Ime njookutondezya maleele mujulu, azitondezyo anyika
ansi; bulowa, amulilo, abusi buunduluka: Izuba liyoosanduka akuba musinze,
alimwi mwezi uyooba mbuli bulowa, kabutana sika buzuba bupati alimwi butaambiki
bwa Simalelo wesu.” (Amulange Milimo 2:19-20).
Amubikkile maanu aawa: Eeci tatwaambi kuti mbobumboni bwakutobela
nzila yakutalikila Mwezi Mupya uli munsimunsi kapati aciindi ceelana buzuba
abusiku eelyo masamu naasyuuka kuti mpaatalikilwa Mwaka pe, nkaambo kwakainda
ziindi zinjaanji musyule eelyo mwezi niwaabaya (mbuli mu 1967-1968) eezyo
zyakali kukonzya kuswaangana amapobwe aabelesya nzila eeyi. Pele ncintu
cikondelezya kubikkila maanu kucintu citola busena eeci.
| Nkamu ya WLC isyoma kuti, kutobezya bwaamba Kulonga 34:22, Mwaka Mupya wa Bbaibbele utalikilwa aMwezi Mupya uuli munsimunsi kapati aciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku eelyo masamu naasyuuka. Zilembedwe zya musela zitabilila buyo caajanwa mu Mangwalo alikke amakani aaya. |
(1) Mubuzyo/kukazya: Kuti
Mwezi mupya uuli munsimunsi kapati a ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku
eelyo amasamu naasyuuka kuuli aatalikilwa Mwaka Mupya ncobeni, mbubuti mbotunga
twazyiba kacitana sika ciindi eeco kuti nguli Mwezi Mupya unooli
munsimunsi kapati aciindi eeco?
KWIINGULA: Eeyi
mibuzyo mibotu kapati.Taakwe kudonaika kuti basyomeka bana Isilayeli bakeelede
kuzyiba kacitaninga sika ciindi ca Pasika. Mumyaka eeyo Pasika niwaali kusikila
munsimunsi kapati aciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu (mubuzuba
butobela), bana Isilayeli bakali kukkala anze amunzi wa Jelusalema bakali
kutalika musinzo wabo kacitaninga sika ciindi ceelana buzuba abusiku. Tacili
cintu cizyibidwe lino kuti bakali kuzyiba buti kuti ciindi eeco caswena
kujatikizya Myezi Mipya kutegwa bagante eeni aatalikilwa mwaka. Cintu comwe
cili masimpe, nokuba boobo: bana Isilayeli bansiku bakalizyi citaambiki bweende
bwazyintu mumulengalenga. Iswe notupona mazubaano, aluzyibo ndotujisi kwiinda
mumincini tuyaabuswena buyo aluzyibo oolo lwaazyibidwe kumuntu uli oonse
muciindi cabana Isilayeli.
Kubula luzyibo kwesu, mazubaano, mbumboni
bwakusweekelwa luzyibo kwiinda mukuzanga akukaka kuteelela. Kwaalilwa kuteelela
bweende bwazintu mumulengalenga mbuli bantu bansiku mbubaazyi kale, tacilesyi
kuti bumboni buyaakuyubunuka bwakuti Mwezi Mupya uuli munsimunsi kapati a
ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku, eelyo masamu naasyuuka, nguutalisya mwaka wa
Bbaibbele.
Ambweni bakali kubala buyo mazuba aali mwaanda
amakumi lusele2 kuzwa aciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku [masamu
naakunkumuka matuvwu] kutegwa babaa muzeezo kuti ciindi citobela cabuzuba
bweelana abusiku, eeco lisyuuka masamu kuti cisika lili, nkabela akupima aawo
ayoosikila Myezi Mipya kujatikizya kubala kwabo ooko. Mukonzyanyo uupedwe
ngooyu, kuti ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku, eelyo masamu naakunkumuka matuvwu
kacili caasika mubuzuba butaanzi bwa Pobwe lya Mavwuka (bwakkumi abwasanu
bwamwezi waciloba), bakali kukonzya kupima munzila iitobela:
- Mazuba mwaanda amakumi lusele
(180)= mweelwe wamazuba aakataa ciindi buzuba bweelana abusiku muciindi masamu
naakunkumuka matuvwu kusikila ciindi masamu naasyuuka alimwi buzuba kabweelana
abusiku. - Mazuba mwaanda amakumi lusele
(180 – kugwisyila mazuba kkumi awosanwe (15) mazuba aceede mumwezi waciloba)=
mazuba aali mwaanda makumi cisambomwe awosanwe (165) aceede kusikila ciindi
lyeelana buzuba abusiku eelyo masamu kaasyuuka, mu Buzuba bwa Mwezi Mupya
wamwezi walusele. Nkokuti 180-15=165 mazuba aceede. - Mazuba aali mwaanda makumi
cisambomwe awosanwe (165) kugwisyila mazuba makumi obile afuka akwiinda akati
bomwe, mazuba aali mumwezi omwe (29.5) = mazuba mwaanda makumi otatwe awosanwe
akwiinda akati bomwe (135.5) aceede mumwaka kusikila buzuba bweelana abusiku lusyuuka
masamu, mubuzuba bwa Mwezi Mupya wamwezi wafuka (9th). Nkukuti
165-29.5=135.5 mazuba aceede. - Mazuba mwaanda makumi otatwe
awosanwe akwiinda akati bomwe (135.5) kugwisyila mazuba makumi obile afuka
akwiinda akati bomwe, mazuba aali mumwezi omwe (29.5)= mazuba mwaanda
acisambomwe (106) aceede mumwaka kusikila buzuba bweelana abusiku lusyuuka
masamu, mu Buzuba bwa Mwezi Mupya bwamwezi wakkumi (10th). Nkukuti
135.5-29.5=106 mazuba aceede. - Mazuba mwaanda acisambomwe
(106) kugwisyila mazuba makumi obile afuka akwiinda akati bomwe, mazuba aali
mumwezi omwe (29.5)= mazuba makumi ciloba acisambomwe akwiinda akati bomwe
(76.5), aceede kusikila buzuba bweelana abusiku lusyuuka masamu, mu Buzuba bwa
Mwezi Mupya bwamwezi wakkumi aumwi (11th). Nkokui 106-29.5=76.5 mazuba
aceede. - Mazuba makumi ciloba
acisambomwe akwiinda akati bomwe (76.5) kugwisyila mazuba makumi obile afuka
akwiinda akati bomwe, mazuba aali mumwezi omwe (29.5) = mazuba makumi one
aciloba (47), aceede kusikila buzuba bweelana abusiku lisyuuka masamu, mu
Buzuba bwa Mwezi Mupya bwamwezi wakkumi aibili (12th). Nkokuti
76.5-29.5=47 mazuba aceede. - Mazuba makumi one aciloba (47)
kugwisyila mazuba makumi obile afuka akwiinda akati bomwe, mazuba aali mumwezi
omwe (29.5)= mazuba kkumi aciloba akwiinda akati bomwe (17.5) aceede kusikila
buzuba bweelana abusiku lisyuuka masamu, mu Buzuba bwa Mwezi Mupya bwamwezi
uutobela. Nkokuti 47-29.5=17.5 mazuba aceede. - Nkaambo mazuba aali kkumi
aciloba akwiinda akati bomwe (17.5) alaindilizya amazuba aali kkumi awone
(14.77) , nkokuti kwiinda akati mwezi omwe, ooyu inga waba mwezi wakkumi aitatu
(13th), alimwi nkokuti Mwezi Mupya (uusikila mumazuba aali kkumi
aabili (12) kaciindide ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu)
mpaatalikila Mwaka Mupya.Amubikkile maanu aawa:
Kufumbwa kuti mpomubede mumyaka ili kkumi afuka (Metonic Cycle) mwaazyiba bwini, mweelwe wamyezi icili kumbelaa
mazuba, (nkokuti aatalikilwa mwaka omwe omwe) inga mwaazyiba kacitaninga sika
ciindi eeco.
Kupima ciindi mumusyobo ooyu inga tiimwayimpya kujana
aatalikilwa mwaka eelyo ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu nicaali
kusikila munsaa mwezi uuzwide kumweka akataa mwezi, pele alimwi, luzyibo lwabo
lwajulu nilwaali kwiinda ndotujisi mazubaano. Ncintu ncotunga twainduluka
kwaamba kuti kwaalilwa kwesu kuteelela bweenda zilengwa leza mumulengalenga
mbuli bantu bansiku, tacilesyi bumboni bwakuti Mwezi Mupya uuli munsimunsi
kapati aciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu, mpaatalikilwa mwaka wa
Bbaibbele.
(2) Mubuzyo/ kukazya:
Philo waamba kuti “matalikilo” aaciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu
nceciindi citalika mwaka mutaanzi wa Bbaibbele. Hena eeci tacaambi kuti Mwezi
Mupya kaciindide ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu
mpaatalikila mwaka?
“Muusa wakasimpa ciindi lyeelana buzuba
abusiku lisyuuka masamu kuti mpaatalikilwa mwaka mutaanzi wamwaka, akupa
bulemu, kuleka mbuli bamwi mbobacitila kucenguluka kwamwaka, pele kupeda bulemu
kububotu bwa zilengwa leza oobo bumunikila bantu… Kutobelezya, mumwezi ooyu,
mubuzuba bwakkumi abwane bwa mwezi, eelyo mwezi nuuyanda kuzulila kumweka,
ipobwe lyanyika yoonse lya pasika nolisekelelwa. . .” (Philo. On The Life of
Moses II, Section XLI (222-224),http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/yonge/book25.html)
KWIINGULA: Ooyu mubuzyo
mubotu kapati. (Nkamu ya WLC ayalo yakaambide cintu cilubide acintu eeci
kumatalikilo.) Kuti twalanga buyo, cilibonyaanga Philo waamba kuti mwezi
mutaanzi wamwaka utalikila ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku
lisyuuka masamu. Philo, aawa taambi myezi iitobezya mwezi uulibonya pe, nokuba
boobo; bweende bwamyezi tabukwe makani aasikila ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku
lisyuuka masamu. Philo, aawa, waamba myezi iitobezya bweende bwazuba,
kutali iitobezya bweende bwa mwezi. Mwezi uutobezya bweende bwazuba upimwa
kutobezya aabede zuba mumulengalenga; mwezi mutaanzi utobezya bweende
bwazuba aciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu. Mumazuba aa Philo,
mwezi mutaanzi uutobezya bweende bwazuba wakali nyenyezi zya Aries (mbuli
bwaamba Josephus), akutobelwa a Taurus, Gemini aimwi. Mwezi mutaanzi uutobezya
zuba wakali kutalikila ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu.
Mucibalo eeci, Philo uya kumbele kwaamba kuti
“mumwezi ooyu, mubuzuba bwakkumi abwane bwamwezi,. . .ipobwe lya pasika
nolisekelelwa.” Aawa Philo wiinduluka kwaamba ncitwakaiya kuzwa kuli Josephus:
Pasika (buzuba bwakkumi abwane bwamwezi mutaanzi), bwakali kusekelelwa mumwezi
mutaanzi uutobezya bweende bwazuba (eelyo zuba nolyakali mubbazu lyanyenyezi
zya Aries). Aaka kaambo kunyina ncokaamba mukupima Mwaka Mupya kubelesya Mwezi
Mupya mutaanzi kaciindide ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu.
(3) Mubuzyo/Kukazya:
Philo waamba kuti myezi yakali kupimwa kuzwa “aciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku
lisyuuka masamu.” Hena eeci tacaambi kuti Mwezi Mupya ooyo uusika kaciindide
ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu nguutalisya mwaka?
“(Mangwalo) alaamba cakusalazya kutalikila
amulongo wamyezi kuzyila aciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu. Alimwi (ooyu mwezi) waambwa kuti ngo “mutaanzi” alimwi
“mpaatalikilwa” mulongo wamyezi, nkaambo eezyi zyaambwa zyoonse
zilapandululana, mbuli mbocaamba kuti mutaanzi mubweende amunguzu; mbweenya
acalo ciindi kuzyila aciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu, cilibonya
kuti nciindi citaanzi mumulongo amunguzu, mbeenya mbuli mutwe (mbuuli
matalikilo) aacintu cizumi. Alimwi aabo bakaiya zilengwa leza zyamumulengalenga
mbibaapa zina eeli kuciindi eeco. Nkaambo baita Mugutu kuti ngomutwe
wamulongo wanyenyezi nkaambo zuba nolili mubbazu lyamugutu libonekaanga
nolileta ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu.” (Philo,
Supplement II,Questions and Answers on Exodus, translated by Ralph
Marcus, Ph.D., Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA:, 1953, pp. 2-3.)
KWIINGULA:
Aawa alimwi, Philo taambi mulongo wamyezi iitobezya mwezi uulibonya pe, pele
mulongo wamyezi iitobezya bweende bwazuba, eeyo njotwabandika kale
mucibalo cainda, oomo Philo mwaambilizya mbunga yanyenyezi zya Aries, “Mugutu
mutwe wa nyenyezi,” walo ooyo mumusela mutaanzi, wakali mwezi mutaanzi wamyaka
iitobezya bweende bwa zuba. Alimwi kaambo aaka kunyina ncokaamba cijanya Mwaka
Mupya kubelesya Mwezi mutaanzi kaciindide ciindi lyeelana buzuba abusiku
lisyuuka masamu.
(4) Mubuzyo/Kukazya:
Kutalikila Mwaka Mupya kubelesya Mwezi Mupya mutaanzi kaciindide ciindi
lyeelana buzuba abusiku alisyuuka masamu, inga tiicatupa ciindi cinji kuti
maila abizwe (“Abib”) kabutana sika buzuba bwa Micelo Mitaanzi.
KWIINGULA:Zintu zinjaanji inga zyaambwa akaambo aaka, pele tatweelede kumana ciindi
kasanyangula kaambo aaka kutegwa tuyubune cilubide pe. Tweelede buyo kulanga
caamba Mangwalo eeco cijatikizya mwezi wa “Abib” acipaizyo ca Micelo Mitaanzi.
“Alimwi maila akanyonyoonwa: nkaambo maila taakaninga
bizwa mumwezi wa [Abib] ,alimwi maila akacilaa ntenga.” (Kulonga 9:31)
“Mubuzuba oobu inywe mwakayaamuka mumwezi
wa Abib.” (Kulonga 13:4)
“Inywe mweelede kubamba pobwe lya cinkwa citakwe
bumena:(mutyalyi cinkwa cilaa bumena kwamazuba aali ciloba, mbuli mbweekamulailila,
muciindi cibikkidwe ambali mumwezi wa Abib: nkaambo muli nguwe
inywe nimwaayaamuka kuzwa ku Ijipita: alimwi kunyina naba omwe akati kenu
weelede kuzya kunembo lyangu cinkwa maanza pe.” (Kulonga 23:15)
“Ipobwe lyacinkwa citakwe bumena mweelede kulibamba.
Mazuba aali ciloba mweelede kulya cinkwa citakwe bumena, mbuli
mbweekamulailila, muciindi ca mwezi wa Abib: nkaambo mumwezi
wa Abib inywe nimwaayaamuka kuzwa ku Ijipita. ” (Kulonga 34:18)
Nomuleta busu bwamaila mataanzi ku Mwami Yahuwah,
abube busu bwa misuku yamapopwe mataanzi matete [Abib] aakangwa aaziyidwe.
(Amulange Bapaizi 2:14.)
Amulangile mwezi wa Abib,
akusekelela pasika kuli Yahuwah Elohimu wenu: nkaambo mumwezi wa Abib Yahuwa
Elohimu wenu wakaangununa ndinywe kuzwa mu Ijipita masiku. (Amulange Ciibalusyo
16:1.)
Kutobezya bwaamba bbuku lipandulula mabala lya Brown-Driver-Briggs’
Hebrew Dictionary, Abib caamba buyo kuti: “(1)maila mapya, maila aitwa kuti
bbali; (2) mwezi wakubikka misuku, kubaa ngala kwacisyango, kukomena kwa Abib,
mwezi wa kulonga apasika. . .” Ibbala Abib lizyila ku Strong’s #H3; lyaamba
kuti “bupya, butete, zisyuuka zipya, nokuba busena bwakusyuusya zisyango.” (Brown-Driver-Briggs’
Hebrew Dictionary)
Abib tacaambi kuti “cibizwide”, nokuba kwaamba
kuti mazuba kkumi acisambomwe3 kulaale akubizwa. Lyaamba buyo kuti
“ntenga” naa “butete”. Aawa mpaali kaambo. Eelyo Muusa naakalemba kuti maila
acilaa “ntenga” mu (Kulonga 9:31), wakali kwaamba buyo kuti maila akalimenede;
akacilaa ntenga akuya kumbele kukomena. Ncenciceeco ncaakanyonyweedwa, kakuli
maila aampunga aamwi (aatakaninga mena) taakanyonyoonwa pe (Kulonga 9:32).
Eelyo Mangwalo naamba cijatikizya “mwezi wa Abib”, aamba buyo kujatikizya mwezi
ooyo zisyango nozibizwa, nokuba kutalika kubizwa.
Akamwi kaambo nkotweelede kubandika nkakulailila
Kwakwe Yahuwah kujatikizya cipaizyo ca Micelo Mitaanzi.
“Lino Mwami Yahuwah wakaambila Muusa kuti aambile Baisilayeli kuti, “Ciindi mwaakusika munyika Mwami
Yahuwah njayoomupa, mbomuyootebwida buyo, mukape musunta mutaanzi
wabutebuzi bwenu kumupaizi. Walo mupaizi
uyoouzumbaanya musunta ooyo ku Mwami Yahuwah, kutegwa utambulike mubusena
bwanu. Mupaizi uyoouzumbaanya musunta bwaakwiinda buzuba bwa Nsabata. Mubuzuba oobo mukapaizye akagutu katakwe kampenda, kamwaka
omwe ku Mwami Yahuwah. Lino mukabikke cipaanzi casanu
calusuwo lwabusu bunante, alimwi buvweledwe amafuta aaoliva. Cibe cabweema
bubotelezya ku Mwami Yahuwah. Alimwi mupedelezye alufulu lwa waini. Mutakalyi zinkwa niciba ciwaya naaba makunka matete
kamutanaleta cipaizyo canu citaanzi ku Mwami Yahuwah. Malailile aaya
aleelede kutobelwa mane alili.” (Amulange Bapaizi 23:9-14.)
Aawa cilisalede kuti kunyina nokwaambwa maila aa
bbali “aabizwide” pe. Kulailila kwaamba buyo kuleta musunta mutaanzi wabutebuzi
kumupaizi kuti akauzumbaanye mubuzuba bubikkidwe ambali, alimwi kuti batalyi
cizwa mumyuunda kusikila cipaizyo eeci capegwa.
Mbuli basicikolo ba Bbaibbele bankutwe bavwuntauzya
kasimpe, tatukonzyi kuuntuluzyila cikkelo cabumboni eeco citondezya kuti Mwezi
Mupya, ooyo uuli munsimunsi kapati aciindi buzuba abusiku nobweelana, kuti
mpaatalikilwa mwaka akutobela cilengwa caba Kalaiti baJuuda, cakweezyeezya kuti
kubizwa kwazisyango mu Palesitaini ncecitondezyo ncibaali kutobela.
(5) Mubuzyo/Kaambo:Ime
lyoonse ndakayiisyigwa kuti Mwaka Mupya tiiwakali kukonzya kutalikwa kusikila
zyabizwa zisyango mu Palesitaini wansiku. Nkaambo nzi ncomubikkila maanu
akubizwa kwa maila aa bbali?
KWIINGULA: Kuli
twaambo tunjaanji tuswaangene mukweezyeezya kuti Mwaka Mupya uzingulukila
akubizwa kwa maila aabbali mu Palesitaini:
- Kunyina pe ampocaamba mu
Mangwalo kuti kuli “mulawo wabutebuzi bwa bbale.”
- Matalikilo 1:14 aamba kuti
zilengwa leza zyamulengalenga zyakabikkilwa “ziindi zyamwaka, mazuba, amyaka.”
Tulakonzya kukosozya kaambo kuti maila aabbali akeelede kunoobizwide mubuzuba
bwakupaizya micelo mitaanzi, aboobo aaya maila akali munsaa kubizwa eelyo
naakanyonyoonwa acivwulamabwe mu Ijipita (Kulonga 9:22-31), kunyina pe Mangwalo
mpaamba kuti zisyangidwe (bbali) zyakeelede kuba citondezyo “ca ziindi
zyamwaka, mazuba, amyaka.”
- Muzeezo wa “myaka” wakaletwa
kacitanjila cinyonyoono, kakutanaba zambangulwe lya meenda alimwi kiitaninga
singanyigwa nyika (Matalikilo 1:14), antela myaka cuulu amyaanda yosanwe
kalitana sika zambangulwe lya meenda (zyuulu zyobile amyaanda yosanwe yamyaka
kakutanasika Kulonga). Tacilangiki kuba cintu cilaa maanu kuyeeya kuti bantu
baciindi kalitana sika zambangulwe kuti bakali kubelesya maila aabbali kupima
Mwaka Mupya. Pele ncintu camaanu, kweezyeezya kuti bakayeeme zilengwa leza
zyamulengalenga, eezyo Yahuwah nzyaakabikka kuti ndekkalenda Lyakwe, lyakupimya
“ziindi zyamwaka, . . .mazuba, amyaka.”
- Nowa wakakonzya kubala ciindi cakutaimpya
muciindi ca zambangulwe (kakwiina kusyanga maila aabbali pe).
- Bana ba Isilayeli bakakonzya
kupima ciindi mulubula naa munkanda (kakwiina kusyanga maila aabbali pe).
Ciabalo ca Myeelwe 9:1-14
cipandulula bana ba Isilayeli mbubaali kusekelela pobwe lya Pasika munkanda.
- Kweezyeezya kuti kubizwa
kwamaila aa bbali aaku Palesitaini njenzila ilikke yakutalikila mwaka,
nkweezyeezya zintu zyobile: (1) Aabo bakkala anze lyanyika ya Palesitaini,
bayeeme amilumbe yamuluwo kuti bazyibe ciindi libizwa maila aaku Palesitaini,
eeci citali cintu cisyomeka kulanganya abulimi bwamazubaano bwakupindula
misyobo yazisyango);(2)Basyomeka ba Yahuwah beelede kuyaama azilengwa zyamisela
yabantu eezyo zyeendelana a kkalenda lina Gregory lyalo litondezya kuti “mvwula
ncaalizi” niyakawa, zyuulu zyamyaka kaindi. Eeci caambilizya kuti tweelede
kutobela kkalenda lina Gregory kutalisya Mwaka Mupya, nkaambo kuti kakutakwe
kkalenda eelyo tatukonzyi kuzyiba cabulondo mazuba aatalikilwa Mwaka Mupya.
Tacili cintu citambulika kubasyomeka ba Yahuwah, kuti bayaame amanjezyeezya
aamuntu nokuba kkalenda lina Gregory, kuti batalike Mwaka Mupya wa Bbaibbele.
Alimwi tacitambuliki kuti basyomeka kabayeeme amilumbe yamuluwo abulimi
bwamazubaano bwa zisi zilaakatikati kakujwe.
- Kulamatila manjeezyeezya aa
“mulawo wabutebuzi bwamaila aa bbali” cipa kuti tutalike kusyoma kuti bana
Isilayeli kabatana njila munyika ya Kkanaani (kusanganya abana ba Isilayeli
munkanda), tibaali kukonzya kutalika myaka yabo cabululeme, nokuba kwaamba kuti
nzila yakujanya mwaka mupya yakacinca eelyo nibaanjila mu nyika yacisyomyo.
Ooku nkweezyeezya kufubeede. Hena tweelede kusyoma kuti basyomeka, kusikila
waawa, bakali kupima aatalikilwa mwaka kujatikizya kubizwa kwamaila aabbali
munyika njibataninga kkalide? Kunyina Mangwalo mpaamba kuti maila abbali
wamu Palesitaini ayelede kuba cipimyo cakutalisya mwaka pe. Ibbaibbele lilaamba
mumulaka uusalala kuti, myaka yeelede kutalikwa kubelesya zilengwa leza
zyamumulengalenga. “ Alimwi Elohimu wakati, akube mimuni mumulengalenga wajulu,
kuti yaandaanye buzuba kuzwa kubusiku; alimwi ibe zitondezyo zyaziindi
zyamwaka, amazuba, amyaka.” (Matalikilo 1:14)
1 Kulonga 9:31 caamba kuti maila
aabbali abuluba, akali munsaa kubizwa eelyo naakanyonyoonwa acivwulamabwe.
Mpampawo aawo mpotuzyibila kuti cakali ciindi lisyuuka zisyangidwe nokuba
munsimunsi aciindi eeco.
2 Kwakali mazuba mwaanda amakumi
lusele, akataa ciindi ceelana buzuba abusiku likunkumuka matuvwu kumasamu,
aciindi ceelana buzuba abusiku lisyuuka masamu. (http://community.novacaster.com/showarticle.pl?id=11110;n=4001)
3 Micelo Mitaanzi yakeelede kupaizigwa
mubuzuba bwa kkumi acisambomwe bwa mwezi mutaanzi, kutobela buzuba ba Nsabata
ya Cinkwa Citakwe Bumena. (Amulange
